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AFTER CERTAINTY

book

Normal Accidents: Living with High-Risk Technologies

Perrow, Charles. Normal Accidents: Living with High-Risk Technologies. New York: Basic Books, 1984.

Why this matters here

Charles Perrow's Normal Accidents argues that interactive complexity plus tight coupling make some high-risk system failures normal properties of design, not merely operator error. How Serious Systems Learn pairs that systems diagnosis with a further question about scale: when reversal interferes with coordination and authority, "learning" can shrink to refining a chosen path rather than remaining able to reverse it.