book
Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine
Wiener, Norbert. Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine. 2nd ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1961.
Why this matters here
Wiener’s Cybernetics formalizes feedback control and shows how delayed or degraded signals impair a system’s capacity to correct itself. Coupling extends that control insight into organizations: when consequence arrives late, systems drift toward fast local metrics and healthy-looking reports before reality fully arrives—not mainly from dishonesty, but from responding hardest to the earliest signals.
