book
Algorithms of Oppression: How Search Engines Reinforce Racism
Noble, Safiya Umoja. Algorithms of Oppression: How Search Engines Reinforce Racism. New York: New York University Press, 2018.
Why this matters here
Safiya Umoja Noble documents how search engines can reinforce racialized stereotypes and unequal visibility through their ranking and classification practices. The chapter cites that specific critique while acknowledging the utility of search, not as a claim that all ranking is deliberately discriminatory.
